Detailed chapter notes alkanes, class 11, chemistry. An alkane has carbon atoms connected by single bonds. In this study, general formulas are established and then proved for a. Alkynes possess 2 pi bonds allowing for a full or partial reduction. The characteristic functional group of an alkene is the carboncarbon double bond. Hydrogenation of alkene and alkyne alkanes can be prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of catalyst ni or pt at 200. Preparations of alkanes,alkenes,alkynes alkene chlorine. Identify each as an alkane, an alkene, or an alkyne. It is the process of breaking down a large molecule. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula c n h 2n. Can you think of the general formula for alkane family or homologous series.
Classify each compound as saturated or unsaturated. Each unsaturation in a compound reduces the number of hydrogen atoms in the molecular formula by 2. What is molecular formula of alkane, alkene and alkyne. Writing the formulas for simple alkanes, alkenes and alkynes is as simple as determining how many carbons are in the formula and then putting that number into the generic. Methane gas is the first member of the homologous series of alkanes. Select the straight chain alkane from the following list. This video walks you through the conditions required for all 3 reduction products including complete hydrogenation as well as the partial reduction to a cis or trans alkene. The longest hydrocarbon chain is selected and is termed as parent chain in case of alkanes. Hydrocarbons having at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkyne. Cxh2x2 if you can name an alkane and alkene naming an alkyne is no much different. Alkane simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Pdf chemical graph theory is one of the branches in mathematical. It involves heat, great pressure and the presence of a catalyst. In an alkane, all 4 4 4 valencies of the carbon atom are satisfied with other hydrogen atoms. Pyrolysis cracking the decomposition of a compound by heat is called pyrolysis. The carbon atoms of alkanes are joined together by single bonds, which is what makes them different from alkenes. The most common alkyne is ethyne, better known as acetylene. Alcohol and alkane fuel performance for gas generator cycle. Pdf organic chemistry made easy for senior secondary schools. In the case of alkenes and alkynes, hydrocarbon chain with double and triple bond is chosen as parent chain.
The physical properties of alkenes are similar to those of the alkanes. Larger alkanes have two or more carbon atoms connected or bonded together in a chain. The simple difference between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds and are quite reactive.
Alkane molecules have only single bonds between carbon atoms. In the present study, ch 4, c 2 h 6, c 3 h 8 and 1c 4 h 10 are selected as alkane fuels of ggatr engine performance analyses. These are saturated hydrocarbons containing only carbon. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are defined as the hydrocarbons which have double or triple covalent cc bonds. Introduction to alkenes and alkynes in an alkane, all.
The ion names, formulas and charges chart for chemistry classrooms comprehensively lists the names and formulas of cations and anions, allowing students to quickly determine formulas for various combinations of cations and anions. In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a carboncarbon double bond unsaturated hydrocarbons containing two or more double bonds are known as alkadienes, alkatrienes, alkatetraenes, and so on. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin a historical name that also has other meanings, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. Alkenes have the formula c n h 2n and alkynes use the formula c n h 2n2. Hydrocarbons having only single bonds are known as alkane.
Pdf computing the harmonic index for alkanes, alkenes and. Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are attached with each other by means of single covalent bond are called as alkanes. The parent name will be the longest carbon chain that contains both carbons of the double bond. One such suitable reactant is a vicinal dihalide, a compound with halogen atoms on adjacent carbon atoms. Structure and physical properties physical properties. Azidosulfonylation of alkenes, dienes, and enynes pdf. Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes iupac. Information can be obtained from the molecular formula oh o steric acid saturated fatty acid oh o linoleic acid unsaturated fatty acid correction for other. Parent chain is named with the help of greek alphabets such as hepta, octa etc. Alkanes are chemical compounds, made of carbon and hydrogen. Alkyne reduction to alkene alkane hydrogenation reaction video. Alkane molecules have only single bonds between carbon atoms alkene molecules have a double bond alkyne molecules have a triple bond the following examples show the 4 carbon alkane, alkene, and alkyne. What are the general formulas for alkane, alkene, alkyne, alkyl, aldehyde, ketone, cycloalkane.
The words alkene and olefin are often used interchangeably see nomenclature section below. Because alkanes are saturated compounds they are relatively unreactive. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carboncarbon triple bond. Ppt alkanes and alkenes powerpoint presentation free. Alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics. Alkanes are the most stable hydrocarbons as the carbon bonds are difficult to break. Saturated hydrocarbons are defined as the hydrocarbons in which a single bond is present between carbon and carbon atoms. Nov 21, 2016 alkanes, alkenes and akynes belong to a category of organic compounds that are formed only by carbon and hydrogen atoms. The smallest alkyne is acetylene, also called ethyne. As a result of the double or triple bond nature, alkenes and alkynes have. Name the test used to determine where an alkene is present.
Alkanes that have carbons that are bonded to more than 2. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. For ggatr engine application, the ratio of hydrogen atoms number to carbon atoms number in fuel molecule hc ratio is preferable to be larger, because molecular weight of gas generator gg combustion gas can be reduced, resulting of. What are the general formulas for alkane, alkene, alkyne. Compounds with at least one double or triple bond 2. This document is highly rated by class 11 students and has been viewed 19955 times.
Ppt alkanes and alkenes powerpoint presentation free to. Alkanes have single bonds between carbons in a hydrocarbon. Learn alkanes alkenes alkynes with free interactive flashcards. We recall that such compounds result from the addition of a halogen to the. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen saturated hydrocarbons. Learn how to recognize the alkane functional group in organic compounds. An alkyne is a molecule that has a triple bond between two carbon atoms. Below, we see that each edge of the structure represents a carbon atom. Choose from 500 different sets of alkanes alkenes alkynes flashcards on quizlet. R c h ch2 h2 ni r h2 c ch3 alkene alkane h3c c h ch2 h2 ni h3c h2 c ch3 propene propane r c ch h2 ni r h2 c ch3 alkene alkane h3c c ch h2 ni h3c h2 c. Alkanes are the most stable hydrocarbons as the carbon bonds are difficult to. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect.
The simplest alkane is methane, which is made of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. For making models of alkanes, you can use toothpicks for bonds and plasticine balls for atoms. Alkane,alkene,alkynes free download as powerpoint presentation. Alkanes, alkenes and akynes belong to a category of organic compounds that are formed only by carbon and hydrogen atoms. Again, for reasons that we will explore next semester, alkynes have four fewer hydrogen atoms than do alkanes and two fewer hydrogen atoms than do alkenes. To convert an alkyne to an alkene you just have to break one bond. Start studying alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, etc learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A quick way to recognize an alkane is the general formula. Although the majority of the compound resembles an alkane, it is classified as an alkene. Briefly identify the important distinctions between an alkene and an alkane. The alkanes have only single bonds between all the atoms in the stucture. Ethyne has a triple bond between the two carbon atoms, leaving 8 6 2 bonds to attach to hydrogen atoms.
Organic chemistry university of california riverside. What about compounds that contain a number of single bonds and one double bond. Here n is the number of ch 2 units in the linear alkane. Table 1 indicates the physical and the chemical properties of those alcohols and alkanes, which are referred from the. Alkyne simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Which of the following is are true of the process of polymerisation. Branched alkanes are alkanes where carbon chain is split off making one or more branch. However, the lumo energy of alkyne is almost same as that of alkene as shown by uv spectroscopy. The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane. Alkynes undergoes hydrogenation in the nickel or palladium or platinum to form alkenes r c c h alkyne h2 ni 250300 c r c h ch2 h3c c c h methyl acetylene h2 ni 250300 c h3c c h ch2 ethene 38mr.
Catalytic hydrogenation with palladium on carbon is a very common method for reducing alkenes. Notice that the alkene only has one double bond and the alkyne only has one triple bond. Preparations of alkanes,alkenes,alkynes free download as powerpoint presentation. A useful idea in this context is the degree of unsaturation, which i will outline with the answer. What is the difference between alkanes, alkenes, alkynes. Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional. Alkenes have one or more double bonds between carbon. The following examples show the 4 carbon alkane, alkene, and alkyne. Alkanes formula, definition, structure, properties, videos. Apr 19, 2020 detailed chapter notes alkanes, class 11, chemistry edurev notes is made by best teachers of class 11. Oxidative addition of trifluoroacetamide to alkenes, 2,5dimethylhexa2,4diene and conjugated cyclic dienes nitroselenation of conjugated dienes. Alkane is solid, liquid or gas at room temperature depends on the size of its molecules. How can you distinguish between alkanes, alkenes and. In an alkane, all covalent bonds between carbon were.
Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, known as monoenes, form a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula c n h 2n. In my textbook, it says that alkanes are generally the least reactive of the three, alkenes are slightly more reactive, and alkynes are even more reactive. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen and single bonds. Compound with only single bonds unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkane structure, properties and examples chemistry dictionary. These hydrocarbons are inert under normal conditions as they do not react with acids, bases and other reagents. Alkane alkene alkyne worksheet imperialdesignstudio.
Alkanes alkanes are the simplest class of organic compounds. Apr 05, 2014 alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with cc bonds and alkynes are hydrocarbons. Main idea alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one. For alkanes suffix ane is used, for alkenes, suffix. For example, they are more reactive than alkenes in many. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. For alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons, spring models can be constructed. They are known as alkenes and alkynes respectively. Alkenes have at least one double bond and alkynes have at least one triple bond. Main idea alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single.
206 1447 60 1289 1375 604 1047 670 763 1531 454 833 1529 304 826 901 652 1643 1487 309 1053 923 1232 153 576 582 1670 512 623 654 1082 109 918 1393 1251 1205 574 196 254 601 248 598